Part i, high explosives, centers on the general principles, manufacture, design, and assessment of this type of explosive. Introduction to explosives for official use only c4. On january 7, 1998, four employees were about to begin work in the production room at sierra chemicals kean canyon explosives. This process leverages entire technical divisions dedicated to explosives science. At fraunhofer ict reaction injection molding units have been constructed on a pilot scale and equipped for the processing of explosives.
J, ed change march 2012 verify this is the correct version before you use it by checking the online version. High energy materials, propellants, explosives and. Htpbalap propellants have been used in many tactical rocket weapons. Military explosives and propellants production industry, was undertaken as part of environmental protection agencys miscellaneous chemical industries program to establish a baseline of information concerning the military explosives industry, the magnitude of its waste problems, and the adequacy of the industry. Authored by an insider with over 40 years of high energy materials hems experience in academia, industry and defense organizations, this handbook and ready reference covers all important hems from the 1950s to the present with their respective properties and intended purposes. An employee received minor injuries when a nasa standard initiator ignited from being exposed to rf radiation without a faraday cap installed. The upper picture on the left represents probit curves of prominent sensitive energetic materials which could be excellently measured and evaluated with the new device.
Propellants, explosives and pyrotechnics pdf by jai prakash agrawal you can visit your cart has a monograph on the 1950s to become acquainted. This report is a compilation of tnt equivalency test programs of selected high explosives, propellants, and pyrotechnics. The ability of the high energetic materials to release high amount of energy should. These tests examined m1, m6, and m30a1 propellants. However, the distinction between these two terms is critical when discussing the pressures formed during a reaction which takes place inside an oxygen bomb. Department of energy and department of defense insensitive. Propellants, explosives and pyrotechnics, authorjai p. H department of occupational medicine, midelfort clinic, 733 west clairemont avenue, eau claire, wisconsin 54701. Energetic materials are a class of special reactive substances with high amounts of stored chemical energy, which include high explosives, propellants and pyrotechnics. Introduction to explosives and propellants part of the text from parti of this chapter has been presented. Melamine noxide based selfassembled energetic materials. The intent of this program is to establish, interpret and implement agencywide policy as documented in nasastd8719. Max stosz of nswc, white oak, md on detail to op354, radm.
In all, there were 41 materials tested under various mmt projects. Propellants, explosives, pyrotechnics wiley online library. Data acquisition is triggered by the manual activation of the bomb ignition unit. Pdf high energy materials propellants explosives and. The behavior and performance of these three classes of explosives is discussed. General dynamics ordnance and tactical systems is provide high quality, high performance propellants and propelling charges for munitions spanning from small to largecaliber munitions. Safety of all explosive operations associated with nasa programs is an ongoing, primary concern for the agency and continually must be given high priority in all program direction and management. The report then describes the treatment steps based on the configuration. In confined spaces, burning may lead to detonation. Download propellants, explosives and pyrotechnics or high energy materials hems to use an umbrella term have obvious applications in the military sector, but can also be used in a variety of ways in civilian areas such as mining, construction or spacecraft engineering. Ninan high energy oxidisers fcir advanced solid propellants and explosives advances in solid propellant technology, p1 international hems1 workshop, ranchi, india, 2002, 87106. Up to 600 lbshour for certain propellants p explosives, and pyrotechnics pep bulk high. Explosives which detonate and propagate at velocities greater than ms, are high explosives and include the secondary explosives rdx, hmx, hns, dipam, tetryl, datb, tatb, petn, tnt. Chemical explosives can be classified as low or high explosives.
Propellant and propulsion general dynamics ordnance and. Propellants, explosives and pyrotechnics or high energy materials hems to use an umbrella term have obvious applications in the military sector, but can also be used in a variety of ways in civilian areas such as mining, construction or spacecraft engineering. Their dissolution and fate in soils livefire military training scatters energetic compounds onto. High explosives and propellants, second edition is a fourpart book classified into high explosives, blasting accessories, application of high explosives, and deflagrating and propellent explosives. Increased impulse of solventless extruded double base. Review article distribution and fate of military explosives. High energy materials, propellants, explosives and pyrotechnics. These molecules are sensitive secondary high explosives used as a booster. Ninan high energy oxidisers fcir advanced solid propellants and explosives advances in solid propellant technology, p1. In the future all solid propellant space boosters may use htpb propellants. This report compiles all test data from tbe various programs and presents it in a.
Based in paris, eurenco operates 5 modern production plants in france bergerac, sorgues, belgium clermont, finland vihtavuori and sweden karlskoga. Energetic materials comprise both explosives and propellants. In the development of human society, energetic materials have provided immense impetus to remake nature, especially in the field of engineering construction and space propulsion. Cole and 2002 bali nightclub bombings recommended in alqaedas traditional curriculum of explosives training. These tests were originally conducted in various test agencies and reported in individual reports of varying formats. Explosives and propellants akhavan major reference. The term includes all solid and liquid materials identified in the united states as high explosives, propellants, and pyrotechnics.
Anfo and waterbased explosives such as water gels and emulsions are more difficult to ignite in the open. The tests were conducted by placing the material inside a heavywalled concrete pipe simulating magazinetype confinement and attempting to detonate one or more of the. Alternative treatment technologies to open burning and. Data acquisition is triggered by the manual activation of the bomb. Explosives and propellants from commonly available materials author. Upon impact, shock parameters from the compression of the target material are measured and recorded on the data acquisition system located in the. Pergamon international library explosives title 662. Explosives and propellants from commonly available materials. Request pdf high explosives and propellants energetics. Propellants are chemical compounds in which a chemical transformation 2 consensus will be required, inter alia, for approval of. High quality foamed charges filled with explosives can be manufactured with a high reproducibility. Often times the word explosive is used interchangeably for propellants and. A single launch vehicle and spacecraft can include inert xenon gas, multiple solid rocket motors composed of homogeneous or composite propellants, aerozine50, dinitrogen tetroxide, rocket propellant1, and liquid.
Snpe, through its affiliate sme, and nexplo are both active in producing propellants and explosives. Common propellants are energetic materials and consist of a fuel like gasoline, jet fuel, rocket fuel, and an oxidizer. Little is known about critical diameters and explosive potentials for htpb propellants containing 86 to 90% of combined aluminum and ammonium perchlorate solids. Polymer foams filled with explosives have a very high burning rate due to their.
Written at an attainable level for professionals, engineers and technicians alike, the book provides a comprehensive. Hybrid rocket motors combine solid and liquid propellants, affording throttling. High explosives and propellants 2nd edition elsevier. A propellant or propellent is a chemical substance used in the production of energy or pressurized gas that is subsequently used to create movement of a fluid or to generate propulsion of a vehicle, projectile, or other object. Often times the word explosive is used interchangeably for propellants and true explosives. Explosives properties of high energetic trinitrophenyl nitramide.
New explosive compounds that are less sensitive to shock and high temperatures are being tested as replacements for tnt 2,4,6trinitrotoluene and rdx hexahydro1,3,5trinitro1,3,5triazine. Some commercial explosives with high fuel content may readily ignite and burn. Request permission export citation add to favorites track citation. On triggering, the propellant burns and turns into high temperature. However, in these studies, accelerated aging is the storage of an explosive or propellant actuated device at some arbitrarily chosen temperature above ambient, typically 50 to 80 0 c, under ambient pressure, for periods ranging from 1. An explosive that has been subjected to milstd2105 tests in a specific munition design or application and approved by the safety and qualification. Propellants can be designed to operate in the pressure and rise rate regime between singleblast explosives and hf extension of fractures can be controlled distance from wellbore. Propellants, explosives, rockets, and guns proceedings of the second international high energy materials conference and exhibit december 810,1998, iit madras. Tarver and others published high energy materials, propellants, explosives and pyrotechnics, jai prakash agrawal find, read and cite all the research you. A high explosive compound detonates at rates ranging from 1,000 to 9,000 meters per second, and are, conventionally, subdivided into two explosives classes, differentiated by sensitivity.
Process safety management for explosives and pyrotechnics. Thermal destruction ch2m hill dynasafe expal thermal treatmenttunnel furnace. The major difference between propellants and explosives is that propellants. The tests utilized relatively large stacks of material net explosive weight on the order of 2000 pounds.
Properties of explosives are measurable physical attributes typical of a single crystal of an explosive material. The cover picture shows in the lower half a new balldrop impact tester bit manufactured by ozm as well as the moment of initiation of two energetic coordination complexes. Explosives can be divided into three classes, 1 primary explosives, 2 secondary explosives, and 3 propellants. Tarver and others published high energy materials, propellants, explosives and pyrotechnics, jai prakash. Explosives and propellants parr instrument company. New methods for the surface treatment of gun propellants. Gel propellants combine the advantages of solids, for example in terms of. Composite propellants and explosives liquid propellants rocket propellants gun propellants summary chapter 9 military energetic materials. Increased impulse of solventless extruded double base rocket propellant by addition of high explosives rdx and fox7. Atk company overview experience with propellant well. Paul kirkpatrick, thomas palo, in safety design for space systems, 2009. Propellants utilized in space vehicles vary in composition, form, and reactive properties. Us6291711b2 us09423,636 us42363699a us6291711b2 us 6291711 b2 us6291711 b2 us 6291711b2 us 42363699 a us42363699 a us 42363699a us 6291711 b2 us6291711 b2 us 6291711b2 authority us united states prior art keywords compound propellant dinitramide explosive rocket motor prior art date 19970521 legal status the legal status is an assumption and is not a.
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